by John Starr

The great horned owl (Bubo virginianus) is the most widespread owl in all of North America. The genus name Bubo comes from Latin for "a horned owl" or "owl of ill omen." The species name virginianus refers to the state of Virginia, where this species was first documented.

With its deep yellow-eyed, searing stare, long ear-like tufts, and deep hooting vocalizations, the Great Horned Owl is the exemplary owl of folklore, children's books, and legends alike. A powerful predator nicknamed "the Tiger of the Sky" can take down prey much larger than itself, but it also hunts much smaller prey like rodents, snakes, and frogs.

Great horned owls begin courtship as early as autumn, making this species one of the earliest breeding raptors in North America. Mating begins in late January through February; 2 to 3 eggs are laid. Fledging occurs after around six weeks, at which point the chicks will move to a branch and undertake their first flights. The juvenile birds remain with their parents for the remainder of the breeding season and much of summer.

Pair-bonding, hooting and beak rubbing are the primary courtship behaviours. The white throat patch is often exposed during hoots, potentially as a signal during low light conditions. Research has shown that breeding pairs remain together for life. The average lifespan of a great horned owl is between 20-30 years. The oldest recorded great horned owl was a 50-year-old captive female.

Great horned owlets occasionally tumble to the ground when they initially fledge. It is normal for them to be on the ground. The parents will continue to bring them food. However, if you encounter a baby great horned owl that has been on the ground for some time, and if there are cats, dogs or other predators in the area you can contact the Prairie Wildlife Haven. They will give you directions on the best course of action.

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